Laser has three important basic components namely,
(i) Active medium
The medium at which the population inversion takes place.
(ii) Pumping system
Pumping system is a device. By using this device population inversion can be achieved in the active material.
(iii) Optical resonator
A pair of reflecting surfaces of which one is fully reflecting and the other is partially reflecting form in optical resonator. Thus, an optical resonator is a device that directs the photons back and forth through the laser medium and the number of photons get multiplied by stimulated emission to achieve a coherent laser radiations.
Fig. (1) Optical resonator
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