1. What is meant by magnetic materials? Give examples? Magnetic materials are the materials which can be easily magnetized by keeping it in an external magnetic field. Examples: Iron, Ferrites, Carbon steel etc. 2. Define Magnetic Flux [φ] The total number of magnetic lines of force passing through a surface is known as magnetic flux.
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1. What is a semiconductor? The materials in which the electrical conductivity lies between conductors and insulators are called semiconductors. They have resistivity value between 10-4 to 0.05 ohm-m. The electrical conductivity of semiconductor increase when we add impurities and by increasing the temperature and it is contrary to the metals. 2. Define the properties
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1. What is a conducting material? The material possessing higher electrical and thermal conductivities are called conducting materials. The resistance of such materials are very low. The conducting property of a material depends on the number of free electrons. 2. What is meant by a free electron? The electron moves freely in all directions in
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1. A paramagnetic material has a magnetic field intensity of 104 Am-1. If the susceptibility of the material at room temperature is 3.7×10-3. Calculate the magnetization and flux density in the material. Given H = 104 A m-1, χ = 3.7 × 10-3, I =?, B = ? Solution:- (i) [latex] \begin{aligned} \chi & =\frac{\mathrm{I}}{\mathrm{H}}
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The field of optics that deals with non – linear behavior of optical materials is known as non- linear optics. The material for which the optical properties depends on the intensity of light and behave non – linearly is called non linear optical (NLO) Materials. The physical properties of optical material depend on intensity of
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Though nano-particles are very small, they are the important materials to built the future world. They have applications almost in all fields as follows Nanomaterials in Energy Production Generating steam from sunlight: The sunlight, concentrated on nanoparticles intended to use sunlight to generate steam for use in running power plants. Producing high efficiency light bulbs:
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There are two general approaches to the synthesis of nanomaterials, they are (a) The top-down approach (b) The bottom-up approach (a) The top-down approach It is a approach in which smaller objects are made by carving or fabricating larger or bulk materials. It is like stone made into pieces from mountains (b) The bottom-up approach
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Nanomaterials have the structural features in between of those of atoms or molecules and the bulk materials. The properties of nanomaterials change as their size approaches the nanoscale. Thermal properties : Nanomaterials have lower melting temperatures, when the particle size decreases below 100 nm. It is due to the fact that the surface energy level increases as
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The term nano originated from the Greek nanos which means “dwarf”. It is one billionth of a meter. Therefore, whenever we think about nonoscience or nanomaterials very small objects come to the mind. A nanometre or nm is one thousand millionth of a metre, (ie), 1 nm=10−9 m=10−3 m=10 A. All materials are composed of grains, which in
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Ni-Ti alloy was developed in 1962 by Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Maryland, USA and is commercialized under the name nitinol (nickel-titanium Naval Ordance Laboratory). Ni-Ti alloy shows shape memory effect when temperature or stress is applied. The Ni-Ti has proven to be the most flexible and beneficial in engineering applications. The Ni-Ti alloy have
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