What does FEMA stand for?

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WHAT IS FMEA?

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), also known as risk analysis, is a preventive measure to systematically display the causes, effects, and possible actions regarding observed failures.
The objective of FMEA is to anticipate failures and prevent them from occurring. FMEA prioritises failures and attempts to eliminate their causes.
FMEA is an engineering technique used to define, identify and eliminate known and/or potential failures, problems, errors which occur in the system, design, process and service ‘before they reach the customer’.
FMEA is a ‘before-the-event’ action and is done when existing systems/products/processes are changed or redesigned.
FMEA is a never-ending-process improvement tool.

TYPES OF FMEA

The several types of FMEA include:
  1. System FMEA – Analyzes components, subsystem and main system in early stage of design.
  2. Design FMEA – Analyzes the products/parts before they are released to manufacturing.
  3. Process FMEA – Focuses on manufacturing and assembly processes.
  4. Service FMEA – Analyzes service industry processes before they are released to impact the customer.
  5. Equipment FMEA.
  6. Maintenance FMEA.
  7. Concept FMEA.
  8. Environmental FMEA.

However, in practice, all the above types can be broadly categorised into two types.

They are:

1. Design FMEA

 Design FMEA involves the analysis of the potential failures of product or service due to component or subsystem unreliability.
Design FMEA is to establish priorities based on expected failures and severity of those failure. 

2. Process FMEA

Process FMEA involves a failure analysis of a manufacturing process.
The process FMEA is used primarily to identify areas of criticality of
control and to emphasize the design and more reliable process.
 It may be noted that equipment, service, and environmental FMEA are slightly modified versions of process FMEA.

BENEFITS OF FMEA

Properly used FMEA provides several benefits. FMEA is used to:

Improve product/process reliability and quality.

Increase customer satisfaction.

Early identification and elimination of potential product/process failure modes.

Prioritize product/process deficiencies.

Capture engineering/organization knowledge.

Document and track the actions taken to reduce risk.

✓  Provide focus for improved testing and development.

Minimize late changes and associated cost.

Act as catalyst for teamwork and idea exchange between functions.

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