Water technology (H2O) is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. Water forms about 75% of the matter on Earth’s crust. It is essential for the survival of all living beings.
Sources of Water
| Surface water | Underground water |
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a) Rain water: It is the purest form of water. It is obtained as a result of evaporation from sea due to extensive heat. b) River water: Water that flows over the surface of the land and dissolves the soluble minerals of the soil. Hence, river water contains chlorides, sulphates and bicarbonates of Na , Ca , Mg and Fe. c) Sea water: Sea water is the most impure form of natural water. It contains about 35% of dissolved salts, out of which about 2.6% is Nacl . |
When rain water reaches the surface of the Earth, it percolates into the Earth. This water reaches a hard roach and settles.
Clear appearance of spring and well water is due to the filtering action of the soil. Such water is safe and fit for human consumption. |
So, surface and ground water is normally used for industrial and domestic purposes. From the requisites of water for various industries, it is thus seen that water has to be treated to remove all the undesirable substances to suit a particular industry.
The method of removing all types of impurities from water and making it suitable for domestic and industrial use is called water treatment. The different types of methods used for water treatment are are collectively known as water technology.
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