A 3-Degree of Freedom Arm in Two Dimensions

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The arm we have been modeling is very simple; a two-jointed robot arm has little practical value except for very simple tasks. Let us add to the manipulator a modest capability for orienting as well as positioning a part or tool.

Accordingly, we will incorporate a third degree of freedom into the previous configuration to develop the RR:R manipulator shown in fig.

This third degree of freedom will represent a wrist joint. The world space coordinates for the wrist end would be

x = L1 cos θ1 + L2 cos (θ1 + θ2) + L3 cos (θ1 + θ23)
y = L1 sin θ1 + L2 sin (θ1 + θ2) + L3 sin (θ1 + θ23)
Ψ = (θ1 + θ23)

We can use the results that we have already obtained for the 2-degree of freedom manipulator to do the reverse transformation for the 3 -degree of freedom arm.

When defining the position of the end of the arm we will use x,y, and Ψ. The angle Ψ is the orientation angle for the wrist. Given these three values, we can solve for the joint angles1, θ2, and θ3) using

x3 = x – L3 cos Ψ
y3 = y – L3 sin Ψ

Having determined the position of joint 3, the problem of determining θ1 and

The two dimensional 3-degree of freedom manipulator with orientation

θ1 reduces to the case of the 2-degree of freedom manipulator previously analyzed.

Read More Topics
Configuration of robot control
Robot sensors and actuators
Types of robot control

Santhakumar Raja

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