Phase I Reaction (I) Oxidative Reactions (i) Oxidation of aromatic moieties (ii) Oxidation of Olefins (iii) Oxidation at benzylic, allylic carbon atoms and carbon atoms α to carbonyl and imines (iv) Oxidation at aliphatic and...
Category - Health Science
Isomerism arises in compounds having the same chemical formula but different orientations of the atoms belonging to the molecule in three-dimensional space is known as Stereoisomerism. The compounds that exhibit stereoisomerism...
Chelation/Complexation Complexes or co-ordination results from a donor-acceptor mechanism (donating accepting electron or rather an electron pair) or Lewis acid-base reaction (donating accepting protons). Since complex drug...
Introduction and Definition Development of a drug and optimisation of a formulation are very tedious, time taking and expensive process, and during these processes in vitro-in vivo correlations (I VIVC) play an important role...
The approach of solid dispersion for particle size reduction and dissolution and absorption rate enhancement of drugs was first introduced in 1961. The term solid dispersion refers to the dispersion of one or more active...
Protein Binding The reversible binding of drug with non-specific and non-functional site on the body protein without showing any biological effect is called as protein binding. A drug’s efficiency may be affected by the degree...
Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction between non-bonding electron pairs of hetero atoms like N, S, O and electron deficient hydrogen atom in polar bonds such as OH,NH,F etc., these are weak bonds (10kcal/mol.)...
Factors affecting drug excretion are: Physicochemical Properties of Drugs: Various factors affect the physicochemical properties of drugs: i) Molecular Weight (MW): The excretion of drugs with large molecular weights is...
Solubility The solubility of the drug is important since our body contains normally 65% water. Water acts as an inert solvent, a dispersing medium for colloidal solutions and a nucleophilic reagent in numerous biological...
Ionization and pKa value Ionization is an important physiochemical property for a drug molecule. Most of the drugs are either weak acid or base and can exist in either ionized or unionized state. The ionization of the drug...
