Constituents of Glass and their Functions

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The various constituents of glass and their functions are described below:

  1. Silica:
    • It is the principal constituent of glass.
    • If silica alone is used in the manufacture of glass, it could be fused only at a very high temperature but it would give a good glass on cooling.
  1. Sodium or potassium carbonate:
    • It is an alkaline material and forms an essential component of glass.
    • It is added in a suitable proportion to reduce the melting point of silica and to impart viscosity to the molten glass.
  1. Lime:
    • It is added in the form of chalk.
    • It imparts durability to the glass.
    • In place of lime, sometimes lead oxide is also added; it makes the glass bright and shining.
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