June 2021

The various types of CMM Co-ordinate measuring machine are, Cantilever type. Bridge type. Horizontal boring type. Vertical boring type. Cantilever type It is easy to load and unload, but it is most sensitive to mechanical error because of sag or deflection in y axis beam. Bridge type It is difficult to load but less sensitive

Construction of CMM: The co-ordinate measuring machines has movements in X-Y-Z which can be easily controlled and measured. Each slide in three in three directions has transducer which gives digital display and senses +ve/-ve direction. The measuring head has a probe tip, which can be different kinds like taper tip, ball tip etc. Length bar

Coordinate measuring machine are used for the measurement of length over the outer surfaces of a length bar or any other long member. The member may be either rounded or flat and parallel. The measuring machine are more useful and advantages than vernier calipers, micrometer, screw gauges etc. The measuring machines are generally of more

The various test performed in pillar type drilling machine are, Flatness of clamping surface of base. Flatness of clamping surface of table. Perpendicularity of drill head guide to the base plate. Perpendicularity of drill head guide with table. Perpendicularity of spindle sleeve with base plate. True running of spindle taper. Parallelism of the spindle axis

The various test performed on the alignment tests on milling machine are, Cutter spindle axial slip or float. Eccentricity of external diameter. True running of internal taper. Surface parallel with longitudinal movement. Traverse movement parallel with spindle axis. Centre T-slot Square with the arbor. Tests on column. Over arm parallel with spindle. This are various

The following alignment tests are carried on lathe. Levelling of the machine. True running of location cylinder of main spindle. Axial slip of main spindle and true running of shoulder face of spindle nose. True running of headstock center. Parallelism of main spindle to saddle movement. True running taper socket in main spindle. Movement of

Michelson Interferometer Construction: It consists of a monochromatic light source, a beam splitter and two mirrors. The basic principle involved in Michelson interferometer is constructive and destructive interference when one mirror remains fixed and the other is moved. The above fig shows the working of Michelson interferometer. A monochromatic light from an extended source falls

Laser interferometer uses A.C laser as the light source and thus it enables the measurements to be made over longer distance. Laser represents a source of intensively monochromatic optical energy, which can be collimated into a directional beam. The laser beam wavelength is exact and pure for highly accurate measurements. The laser interferometers utilize the

Laser stands for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. Laser instruments are devices to produce powerful, monochromatic collimated beam of light in which the waves are coherent. The development of laser gives production of clear coherent light. The biggest advantage of this coherent light is that whole energy appears to be emanating from a

Measurement of roundness is defined as a condition of a surface of revolution. All points of the surface are intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common axis in case of cylinder and come. Devices Used for Measurement of Roundness Diametral gauge. Circumferential conferring gauge ⇒ a shaft is confined in a ring gauge and