April 2023

Immobilised enzymes are used in pharmaceutical industries for manufacturing drugs. These enzymes can be used for: Production of antibiotics, Production of steroids, Production of amino acids, Production of acids, Production of other organic compounds, and Analytical applications. Production of Antibiotics Immobilised enzymes are used for producing 6-amino penicillanic acid, penicillins, cephalosporins, etc. on a commercial

The pharmaceutical applications of biotechnology are: Medicine: Modern biotechnology finds promising applications in medicine as in: Drug Production: Most of the traditional pharmaceutical drugs used for treating the symptoms of a disease are simpler molecules found through trials and errors. Small molecules are manufactured chemically, but the larger ones are created by human cells, bacterial

The cell culture methods are either applied to free-living organisms (bacteria or eukaryotic microorganisms), or to cells removed from multicellular tissues. Cells can be cultured for a prolonged time if they split regularly. After that the growth medium is replaced and the cells are diluted (after first detaching them by trypsin of NaOH from the support).