Because of the hazards for human workers in continuous arc welding, it is logical to consider industrial robots for the process. However, there are significant technical and economic problems encountered in applying robots to arc welding. Continuous arc welding is commonly used in the fabrication industries where products consisting of many components are made in
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These applications are material-handling operations in which the robot is used to service a production machine by transferring parts to and/or from the machine. There are three cases that fit into this application category: Machine load/unload – The robot loads a raw work part into the process and unloads a finished part. A machining operation
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In planning an application in which the robot will be used to transfer parts, load a machine, or other similar operation, there are several considerations that must be reviewed. Most of these considerations have been discussed in previous chapters of the book, and we itemize them below as a reference checklist. Part positioning and orientation
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Some robot applications have requirements for which a digital computer is the most appropriate method of workcell controller. The reference of the use of a stand-alone computer is used here (generally a minicomputer or microcomputer) rather than the computer which is used as the robot control unit. In cases where a computer is the workcell
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There are several other issues that must be considered in the design of the workcell. Among these considerations are the following: Changes to other equipment in the cell To implement the workcell and interface the robot to the other equipment in the cell, alterations will often have to be made to the equipment. Special fixtures
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Robot workcells can be organized into various arrangements or layouts. These layouts can be classified into three basic type: Robot-centered cell In-line robot cell Mobile robot cell The following subsections describe these workcell configurations. Robot-Centered Workcell In the robot-centered cell, illustrated in fig, the robot is located at the approximate center of the cell and
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While the material covered in this chapter so far may appear to be far removed from the factory floor it is useful for providing insight into the operation of robotic systems in the future and in the function of sensory systems such as vision. One of the problems involved with vision systems is the representation
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While the general objective of Artificial Intelligence (AI) work is the development of machines which exhibit intelligent behavior, this statement is in itself too broad and ambiguous to be meaningful. The following paragraphs will describe some of the areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI) which are presently being pursued as distinct areas of research. Problem solving
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Additional sensing capabilities are available with the optional sensored gripper for the IBM 7565 system. These capabilities include force sensing with strain gauges and optical sensing with a light emitting diode. The gripper is shown in Fig. Indicating the tactile sensing and optical sensing features. Image : Sensored gripper used with IBM 7565 robot system:
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The second generation languages represent the current state of the art in textual languages. In this and the following sections of this chapter, we will describe the features that characterize the second generation languages in use today for robotics. Some of these features, of course, are applicable to first generation languages as well, but our
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