Conventional machines are controlled by human operators. The machine control involves feed movements, positioning and sequencing etc. Due to repeated operations and environmental influences, there is an uncertainty in the quality and reliability of parts produced. A numerically controlled machines tool is the one that is controlled by numbers. The instructions are coded as a
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Sheet metal parts are characterized by its complicated shapes. Computer aids for Sheet metal forming operations are conducted close to the failure limit and therefore, small changes in conditions and properties of material can cause large changes in failure rates. Before deciding the forming process and tools, the tool designer has to determine whether the
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NC machine tool by means of prepared program, which consists of blocks, or series of numbers, is know as numerical control (NC). In manufacturing of more complicated parts, the system has to calculate automatically additional data points, which is done by means of an interpolator The capability of changing the programs provides the advantage of
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We use arrays structures to describe the format of a number of related variables. For example, in analyzing the marks obtained by a class of students, we may use a template to describe student name and marks obtained in various subjects and then declare all the students as structure variables. In such cases, we may
Arrays Structures and Unions in C, Structures and Functions Read More »
Variables in C differ in behavior from those in most other languages. For example, in a BASIC program, a variable retains its value throughout the program. It is not always the case in C. It all depends on the ‘storage’ class a variable may assume. In C not only do all variables have a data
Variables in C – The Scope, Visibility and lifetime of Variables Read More »
Types of fixtures are used to hold the workpiece during machining operations. The name is derived from the fact that a fixture is always fixed or fastened to a machine in the fixed position. It does not contain arrangements for guiding the tool. The use of fixture becomes essential when the components to be produced
Types of Fixtures – Lathe Fixtures or Turning Fixtures Read More »
The rule known as the doctrine of Common Employment was an exception to the rule that a master is liable for the wrongs of his servant committed in the course of his employment. The rule was first applied in 1837 in Priestley V. Fowler, developed in 1850 in Hutchinston v. York, New Castle and Berwick
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The guide pins or guide post design provide a good alignment between die shoe and punch holder. The guide bushings are mounted in the punch holder and slide over the guide pins. Figure shows the arrangement of guide pins and bushing of the die set. For the average range of die sets, the diameter of
Post Design – Guide Pins and Bushes Read More »
Independence and Joint Tortfeasors (Composite Tortfeasors) When two or more persons commit some tort against the same plaintiff, they may be either independent joint tortfeasors. Independent Tortfeasors When the acts of two or more persons, acting independently, concur to produce a single damage, they are known as independent tortfeasors. There is no concerted action on
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A gear trains is two or more gear working together by meshing their teeth and turning each other in a system to generate power and speed. It reduces speed and increases torque. To create large gear ratio, gears are connected together to form gear trains. They often consist of multiple gears in the train. Gear
Gear Trains Types – Advantages and Limitations of Gear Drive Read More »