1. Classical Conditioning Theory

It was accidently discovered by IVAN PAVLOV (1849-1936). He was a Russian Psychologist who discovered this phenomenon while doing research on digestion; actually his research was aimed at better understanding the digestive patterns in dogs. Pavlov discovered that we make to which causes us to generalize our response to one stimulus onto neutral stimuli it is paired with. Example police= fear, dressing like police = fear, police dressed person = fear.

Many of our behaviors are shaped by the pairing of stimuli. For Example listening to old songs will intense our emotion to recollect the specific days of the time. We normally do not to realize the level of power theft these connection hold on us, and these connection have been called as classical conditioning.

2. Operant Conditioning Theory

It is based on the notion that behavior is a function of its consequences, which may be either positive or negative. Operant refers to how we respond to what is presented to us in our environment.

The theory state further that under an operant conditioning the behaviour of operant tends to repeat which he finds gain from it. Example, he has learned from the behaviour of threatening someone and others get threatened and oblige to his wards, he tends to repeat the same for gains he made. Hence, he wishes to try to make this attempt again and again until he gets different results. In the same manner, if he finds positive results by doing some attempts, he will try to repeat the same behaviour in order to get positive results. This type of behaviour is called Operant Conditioning.

3. Cognitive theory

Cognition refers to an individual’s thoughts, mental status, knowledge, understandings etc., about oneself and environment.

It further states that people form their own perception in memory, and tends to behave accordingly where, situations or events occur. It is the mental process involved in learning. It is a method of discover learning, for example one can learn anything at any age, if it is stated in terms that can be easily understandable. When we give more problems to solve, then they tend to find solutions better.

4. Social Learning Theory

Individuals also learn by observing their models and god fathers, they admire. The models and god fathers may be parents, teachers, superiors, or anybody. Thus, learning through both by observation and direct experience is called Social Learning Theory. It is a type of learning from the society in which we involve. The individual get influenced to their form process under social learning.

1. Attention Process- The models that are much attractive, and we feel much important then it influence us the most.
2. Retention Process-Here a model, influence is largely depends upon how well the individual can remember or retain in memory the action displayed by him when the model is no longer readily available.
3. Reproduction Process- Here, the individuals need to convert the model’s action in to his action.
4. Reinforcement Process- Here individuals become motivated to display the model’s action if incentives and rewards are provided to them.