Ultrasonic Inspection This method is used to find internal defects by using ultrasonic inspection sound waves. Very minute defects such as cracks, porosity, blowholes etc. can be accurately detected in castings. Sound waves can pass through solids without any absorption. It can also be reflected from a surface. Hence, ultrasonic waves are used in this
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Radiographic Inspection Radiography (X-ray) is an NDT method used to radiographic inspection material and components using the concept of differential adsorption of penetrating radiation. Each specimen under evaluation will have differences in density, thickness, shapes, sizes or absorption characteristics. Thus, the different amount of radiation is absorbed. The unabsorbed radiation that passes through the part
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Liquid Penetrant Inspection Liquid penetrant inspection is used on nonporous metal and nonmetal components to find material discontinuities that are open to the surface and may not be evident to normal visual inspection. The dye penetrant method is frequently used for the detection of surface breaking flaws in non-ferromagnetic materials. The basic purpose of penetrant
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Radio over Fiber Links One application of RF radio over fiber technology is in broadband wireless access networks for interconnecting antenna base stations (BSs) with the central controlling office. Image shows the basic network architecture for such a scheme. Here a collection of antenna base stations provide wireless connectivity to subscribers by means of millimeter-wave
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Analog Link In telecommunication networks the trend has been to analog link telephone exchanges with digital circuits. A major reason for this was the introduction of digital integrated-circuit technology which offered a reliable and economic method of transmitting both voice and data signals. Since the initial applications of fiber optics were to telecommunication networks, its
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Penalty Power The analysis in this post assumed that the optical power falling on the photodetector is a clearly defined function of time within the statistical nature of the quantum detection process. In reality, a number of Penalty power signal impairments that are inherent in optical fiber transmission systems can degrade the link performance. When
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Unfair Contract Terms Act, 1977 Unfair contract terms act, 1977 limits the right of a person to restrict or exclude his liability resulting from his negligence by a contract term, or by notice. Section 2 of the Act contains the following provisions in this regard. “Negligence Liability. – (1) A person cannot by reference to
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Principle – Magnetic Particle Inspection Magnetic particle inspection is a method of detecting invisible cracks and other defects in ferromagnetic materials such as iron and steel. It is not applicable to nonmagnetic materials. The inspection process consists of magnetizing the part and then applying ferromagnetic particles to the surface area are to be inspected. If
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Methods of Voltage Control Methods Voltage control level is accomplished by controlling the generation, absorption and reactive power flow at all levels in the system. The following are the methods of voltage control. By excitation control. By static shunt capacitors. By static series capacitors. By static shunt reactors. By synchronous condensers. Other methods for voltage
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Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the examination of an object or material with technology that does not affect its future usefulness. It is an approach to testing that involves in evaluating the weld without causing physical damage. The terms Nondestructive examination (NDE), Nondestructive inspection (NDI), and Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) are also commonly used to describe this
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