Santhakumar Raja

The dispersion system is categorised in the following three groups based on the size of dispersed particles: Molecular Dispersion: This system behaves as true solutions where the solute phase is present in the solvent phase. The solute (dispersed phase) is homogeneously distributed as separate molecules of size below 1nm (10-7 cm) throughout the solvent (dispersion

ELISA is a solid-phase enzyme immunobinding assay, and the most essential of the immune-enzyme assays. In this method, the antigen is attached to an antibody anchored on a solid phase (polystyrene or polyvinylchloride). This helps in retaining the immunological as well as the enzymatic activity. ELISA can be used for quantitating antibody or antigen using

The desired antibodies should be extracted from a media sample of cultured hybridomas or a sample of ascites fluid. The contaminants in the cell culture sample consists of growth factors, hormones, and transferrins. The in vivo sample however, contains host antibodies, proteases, nucleases, nucleic acids, and viruses. Other secretions by the hybridomas (like cytokines) may

Production of MAbs in culture bottles is low (5−10μg/ml), thus to increase the yield the hybrid cells are grown as ascites in the peritoneal cavity of mice. The ascitic fluid contains 5−20mg of MAb/ml, which is much superior to the in vitro cultivation techniques. Collection of MAbs from ascitic fluid has a heavy risk of contamination by pathogenic

Many biological preparation become unstable during storage and thus their safety and efficacy are reduced. Proteins and other macromolecules may be sensitive to heat, light, radiation, and environmental changes, or they may interact with the container materials or other components of the vaccine mixture. Determining these relationships and optimising stability from the time of production