Santhakumar Raja

Cerf and Kahn’s landmark 1973 paper outlined the protocols to achieve end-to-end delivery of data. This was a new version of NCP. This paper on transmission control protocol (TCP) included concepts such as encapsulation, the datagram, and the functions of a gateway. A radical idea was the transfer of responsibility for error correction from the

Many point-to-point datalink layers have been developed, starting in the 1960s. In this section, we focus on the protocol that are often used to transport IP packets between hosts or routers that are directly connected by a point-to-point link. This link can be a dedicated physical cable, a leased line through the telephone network or

The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) Medium Access Control algorithm was designed for the popular WiFi wireless network technology. CSMA/CA also senses the transmission channel before transmitting a frame. Furthermore, CSMA/CA tries to avoid collisions by carefully tuning the timers used by CSMA/CA devices. CSMA/CA uses acknowledgements like CSMA. Each frame contains

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) improves channel utilization compared to ALOHA. However, the performance can still be improved, especially in wired networks. Consider the situation of two terminals that are connected to the same cable. This cable could, for example, be a coaxial cable as in the early days of Ethernet [Metcalfe1976]. It could also

In a large IP network such as the global Internet, routers need to exchange routing information. The Internet is an interconnection of networks, often called domains, that are under different responsibilities. As of this writing, the Internet is composed on more than 30,000 different domains and this number is still growing. A domain can be

As mentioned in the first section of this chapter, there are three main types of datalink layers : point-to-point links, LANs supporting broadcast and multicast and NBMA networks. There are two important issues to be addressed when using IPv4 in these types of networks. The first issue is how an IPv4 device obtains its IPv4

There are two possible internal organisation of the network layer : Datagram Virtual circuits The internal organisation of the network is orthogonal to the service that it provides, but most of the time a datagram organisation is used to provide a connectionless service while a virtual circuit organisation is used in networks that provide a