Power System Security A power system security in the manual operating condition may face a contingency condition, such as a generating unit may go out of order, an important line may be tripped off, and the demand may undergo a large change from the forecasted value and so on. Although many such contingencies can occur,
Power System Security Analysis – Operation and Control Read More »
Tap Changing Transformer All power Tap changing transformer on transmission lines are provided with taps for control of secondary voltage. The tap changing transformers do not control voltage by regulating the flow of reactive VARs but by changing transformation ratio. There are two types of tap changing transformers. (a) Off-load tap changing transformers. (b) On-load
Tap Changing Transformer Application in Power System Read More »
Series Capacitor It is connected in series capacitor to compensate the inductive reactance of line. This reduces the transfer reactance between the buses to which the line is connected. It increases maximum power that can be transmitted and reduces reactive power loss. The reactive power produced by the series capacitor increases with increase in power
Series Capacitor Voltage – Power System Operation and Control Read More »
Intro – Computer Control of Power System Operation in plants with automated computer control of power system work mainly in a central control room. In olden plants, the controls for the equipment are not centralized and the switchboard operators control the flow of electricity from a central point, whereas, auxiliary equipment operation work throughout the
Computer Control of Power System – Energy Management Read More »
Functions of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) The supervisory control and data acquisition systems allow a few operators to monitor the generator. The following are the functions of SCADA. 1. Data Acquisition : It provides telemetered measurements and status information to operator. 2. Information display (limit violations, unplanned events). 3. Supervisory control (CBs (Circuit
SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Read More »
Point to Point Links The simplest transmission link is a point to point links line that has a transmitter on one end and a receiver on the order. This type of link places the least demand on optical fiber technology and thus sets the basis for examining more complex system architectures1-10. The design of an
Point to Point Links – Optical Fiber Communications Read More »
Radio over Fiber Links One application of RF radio over fiber technology is in broadband wireless access networks for interconnecting antenna base stations (BSs) with the central controlling office. Image shows the basic network architecture for such a scheme. Here a collection of antenna base stations provide wireless connectivity to subscribers by means of millimeter-wave
Radio Over Fiber Links – Optical Fiber Communications Read More »
Methods of Voltage Control Methods Voltage control level is accomplished by controlling the generation, absorption and reactive power flow at all levels in the system. The following are the methods of voltage control. By excitation control. By static shunt capacitors. By static series capacitors. By static shunt reactors. By synchronous condensers. Other methods for voltage
Methods of Voltage Control in Power System Read More »
Structures for InGaAs To improve the performance of structures for InGaAs APDs, various complex device architectures have been devised. One widely used structure is the separate-absorption-and-multiplication (SAM) APD configuration. Image shows, this structure uses different materials in the absorption and multiplication regions, with each region being optimized for a particular function. Here, light enters the
Structures for InGaAs APDs – Photodetectors Read More »
A power system is said to be well designed if it gives a good quality of reliable supply. Voltage level maintained within reasonable limits is referred as good quality. If reactive power and voltage control variation is more than specified value, the performance of equipment suffers and also the life of equipment is sacrificed. When
Reactive Power and Voltage Control – Power System Operation Read More »