In the following sections, the frequency of transverse vibrations of various systems and the phenomenon of whirling speed have been discussed. Natural Frequency of Free Transverse Vibrations Consider a shaft of negligible mass, whose one end is fixed and the other end carries a body of weight W, as shown in Fig (a). Fig (b)
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Step 1 : The delivery valve is closed and the suction pipe, casing and portion of the delivery pipe up to the delivery valve are completely filled with the liquid so that no air pocket is left. This process is called priming a Centrifugal Pump. Step 2 : The electric motor is started to rotate
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Centrifugal pumps are the devices which convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the fluid. Centrifugal pumps are classified as roto dynamic type of pumps in which a dynamic pressure is developed to lift liquids from lower level to higher level. The basic working principle of centrifugal pump
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In a double acting reciprocating pump, the suction and delivery strokes occur simultaneously. When the crank rotates from IDC to ODC, a vacuum is created on the left side of the piston and the liquid is sucked from the sump through suction valve S1. At the same time, the liquid on the right side of
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In a single acting reciprocating pumps, liquid acts on one side of the piston only. Image shows a single acting reciprocating pump which has one suction pipe and one delivery pipe. It is usually placed above the liquid level in the sump. When the crank rotates clockwise from dead centre (IDC) (from A) to outer
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The reciprocating pumps is a positive displacement pump. It operates on the principle of actual displacement or pushing the liquid by a piston or plunger that reciprocates in a closely fitting cylinder. These pumps usually have one or more cylinders which are alternatively filled with liquid to be pumped and then emptied again. In this
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Most of the conventional pressure gauges are of a mechanical type. These gauges embody on elastic element which deflects under the action of the applied pressure. This movement mechanically magnified and read with the help of pointer and graduated scale. These pressure gauges are generally used for measuring high pressures and where the high precision
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Manometers is the device which is used for measuring the pressure at a point in a fluid by balancing the column of fluid by the same or another column of liquid. Simple Manometers Simple manometers are used to measure the pressure at a point in a fluid contained in a pipe or a vessel. It
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The thermistor is a semiconductor device that has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance. Thermistors are non-metallic resistors, that is, semiconductors of ceramic materials. Basic Principle : The basic principle involved in thermistor is, when it is subjected to a temperature change, the resistance of the thermistor changes. This change in resistance will be the
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The most common method of temperature measurement uses the thermocouples. It is based on seeback effect. The thermocouple temperature measurement is based on creation of an electromotive force (e.m.f). Basic Principle : The basic principle of thermocouple is when two dissimilar metals are joined together an e.m.f will exist between the two points A and
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