The below fig shows the layout of a computer controlled CMM, a flexible measuring centre. The measurements, inspection of parts for dimension form, surface characteristics and position of geometrical elements are done at the same time. Mechanical systems for the computer controlled CMM can be subdivided into four basic types. The selection of a particular

The optical setup for the X-axis calibration is shown in fig below. In this fig the laser head is mounted on the tripod stand and its height is adjusted corresponding to the working table of CMM. The interferometer contains a polarized beam splitter which reflects F1 component of the laser beam. Now, let the F2

The various types of CMM Co-ordinate measuring machine are, Cantilever type. Bridge type. Horizontal boring type. Vertical boring type. Cantilever type It is easy to load and unload, but it is most sensitive to mechanical error because of sag or deflection in y axis beam. Bridge type It is difficult to load but less sensitive

Construction of CMM: The co-ordinate measuring machines has movements in X-Y-Z which can be easily controlled and measured. Each slide in three in three directions has transducer which gives digital display and senses +ve/-ve direction. The measuring head has a probe tip, which can be different kinds like taper tip, ball tip etc. Length bar

Coordinate measuring machine are used for the measurement of length over the outer surfaces of a length bar or any other long member. The member may be either rounded or flat and parallel. The measuring machine are more useful and advantages than vernier calipers, micrometer, screw gauges etc. The measuring machines are generally of more

The various test performed in pillar type drilling machine are, Flatness of clamping surface of base. Flatness of clamping surface of table. Perpendicularity of drill head guide to the base plate. Perpendicularity of drill head guide with table. Perpendicularity of spindle sleeve with base plate. True running of spindle taper. Parallelism of the spindle axis

The various test performed on the alignment tests on milling machine are, Cutter spindle axial slip or float. Eccentricity of external diameter. True running of internal taper. Surface parallel with longitudinal movement. Traverse movement parallel with spindle axis. Centre T-slot Square with the arbor. Tests on column. Over arm parallel with spindle. This are various

The following alignment tests are carried on lathe. Levelling of the machine. True running of location cylinder of main spindle. Axial slip of main spindle and true running of shoulder face of spindle nose. True running of headstock center. Parallelism of main spindle to saddle movement. True running taper socket in main spindle. Movement of

Michelson Interferometer Construction: It consists of a monochromatic light source, a beam splitter and two mirrors. The basic principle involved in Michelson interferometer is constructive and destructive interference when one mirror remains fixed and the other is moved. The above fig shows the working of Michelson interferometer. A monochromatic light from an extended source falls

Laser interferometer uses A.C laser as the light source and thus it enables the measurements to be made over longer distance. Laser represents a source of intensively monochromatic optical energy, which can be collimated into a directional beam. The laser beam wavelength is exact and pure for highly accurate measurements. The laser interferometers utilize the