Laser stands for “Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation”. Laser instruments are devices to produce powerful, monochromatic collimated beam of light in which the waves are coherent. The development of laser gives production of clear coherent light. The biggest advantage of this coherent light is that whole energy appears to be emanating from a
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Measurement of roundness is defined as a condition of a surface of revolution. All points of the surface are intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common axis in case of cylinder and come. Devices Used for Measurement of Roundness Diametral gauge. Circumferential conferring gauge ⇒ a shaft is confined in a ring gauge and
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Definition of Straightness of a Line in Two Planes A line is said to be straight over a given length, if the variation of the distance of its from two planes perpendicular to each other and parallel to the general direction of the line remains within the specified tolerance limits. The tolerance on the straightness
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The methods used for measuring the surface finish are classified into Inspection by comparison Direct Instrument Measurements Inspection by comparison methods In these methods of measuring, the surface texture is assessed by observation of the surface. The surface to be tested is compared with known value of roughness specimen and finished by similar machining process.
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To find out the accuracy of a screw thread, it will be necessary to measure the following: Major diameter Minor diameter Effective or Pitch diameter Pitch Thread angle and form Measurement of major diameter The instruments which are used to find the major diameter are Ordinary micrometer Bench micrometer. Ordinary micrometer: The ordinary micrometer is
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Form measurement includes screw threads measurement, gear measurement, radius measurement, surface finish measurement, straightness measurement, flatness and roundness measurements. Introduction Measurement of Screw Threads Measurement of screw threads are used to transmit power and motion and also used to fasten two components with the help of nuts, bolts and studs. There is a large variety
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Image shows vertical axis wind turbine type wind machine. One of the main advantages of vertical axis rotors is that they do not have to be turned into the wind steams as the wind direction changes. Because their operation is independent of wind direction, vertical axis machines are called panemones. Vertical axis wind turbine (or
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Image shows a schematic arrangement of a horizontal axis wind machine. Although the common wind turbine with a horizontal axis is simple in principle yet the design of a complete system, especially a large one that would produce electric power economically, is complex. It is of paramount importance that the components like rotor, transmission, generator
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The Earth is unevenly heated by the sun, such that the poles receive less energy from the sun than the equator; wind power plant along with this, dry land heats up (and cools down) more quickly than the seas do. The differential heating drives a global atmospheric convection system reaching from the Earth’s surface to
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The followings are the components of a tidal power plants. The dam to form the pool or basin. Sluice ways from the basins to the sea. The power house. Dam – The function of dam is to form a barrier between the sea and the basin. Sluice ways – These are used to fill the
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