Optical Receiver Operation Having discussed the characteristics and operation of photodetectors in the previous chapter, we now turn our attention to the optical receiver operation. An optical receiver consists of a photodetector, an amplifier, and signal processing circuitry. The receiver has the task of first converting the optical energy emerging from the end of a
Optical Receiver Operation – Fiber Communications Read More »
INTROCDUCTION to THERMAL ENERGY BASED PROCESSES In these methods, Thermal energy based process heat energy is concentrated on a small area of the workpiece to melt and vaporize the tiny bits of work material. The required shape is obtained by the continued repetition of this process. Example: Electron Beam Machining (EBM) Laser Beam Machining
Thermal Energy Based Process – Machining Process Read More »
HYDRAULICS SYATEM The Hydraulics system of interest to control engineers may be classified into, Liquid Level system and Hydraulics devices The liquid level system consists of storage tanks and connecting pipes. The variables to be controlled are liquid height in tanks and flow rate in pipes. The driving force is the relative difference of the
Hydraulics System and Models of Control Systems Read More »
Introduction Chemical Machining Process (CHM) In chemical energy methods, Chemical Machining Process the metal is removed from the workpiece through controlled etching of the workpiece material in contact with a chemical solution. Example: Chemical Matching (CHM) In Electro chemical energy methods, material is removed by ion displacement of the workpiece material in contact with a
Chemical Machining Process (CHM) – Energy Based Process Read More »
Solid state welding is a group of welding processes which produces coalescence at temperature below the melting point of base materials being welded without the addition of brazing filler metal. Metallurgical bond is created without melting the base metals. In this welding, heat may or may not be applied. These processes are sometimes called solid
Solid State Welding Process and Advantages Read More »
Introduction Avalanche Photodiode At the output end of an optical transmission line, avalanche photodiode there must be a receiving device which interprets the information contained in the optical signal. The first element of this receiver is a photodetector. The photodetector senses the luminescent power falling upon it and converts the variation of this optical power
Avalanche Photodiode in Optical Fiber Communication Read More »
Introduction to User Defined Functions We have mentioned earlier that one of the strengths of C language is C User Defined Functions. They are easy to and use. We have used functions in every program that we have discussed so far. However, they define have been primarily limited the three functions, namely, main, printf, and
User Defined Functions – Programming Language C Read More »
What is Resistance Welding In ancient times, metal welding was done in the form of forge resistance welding (metals heated up to melting point are pressed together) and brazing (weld using alloy of low melting point). FUNDAMENTALS OF RESISTANCE WELDING Resistance welding processes are pressure welding processes in which heavy current is passed for short
What is Resistance Welding Processes – Pedagogy Zone Read More »
Types of Welding Fundamental principles, types of welding, Air Acetylene welding, Oxyacetylene welding, carbon arc welding, shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding, TIG & MIG welding. 1.Gas welding: (a) Air-acetylene welding (b) Oxy-acetylene welding (c) Oxy-hydrogen welding. 2. Arc welding: (a) Carbon arc welding (b) Plasma arc welding (c) Shield metal arc welding (d)
Types of Welding and Welding Process Equipment Read More »