December 24, 2021

GEO is also called as geosynchronous (or synchronous) orbits, which has 24 hour period of revolution but are inclined with respect to equator. Orbits that are below a mean altitude of about 36,000 km have periods of revolution shorter than 24 hours and hence are termed as non Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Geostationary Earth Orbit

The communication is established to the satellite through earth station. The earth station can be located on the ship at the sea, or it can be located on the space craft or actually on the earth. The location of the earth station is decided depending upon the ease of control of satellite and the function

We know that the satellite can receive and transmit one of the bands given in Table For each band, the uplink and downlink frequencies are separate. Frequency division multiplexing of the complete uplink and downlink range of frequencies can be done to transmit and receive many channels simultaneously. For example for ‘C’ band, the bandwidth

In TDMA, the time slots are available to the ground stations with full bandwidth. In FDMA, the frequency bands are available to the ground stations with continuous time availability. By combining these two multiple access techniques, a hybrid technique called Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) can be formed. Frequency hopping can be used so that