Stereoisomerism in Biphenyl Compounds (Atropisomerism)
In biphenyl (I) two phenyl groups are linked by a single bond (sp2 -sp2), known as pivotal bond. The distance between ortho H‘s in adjacent rings in the planar conformation is significantly greater (0.29nm) than twice the Van der Waals radius of hydrogen (2 x 0.12nm). Due to this, the rotation around the pivotal bond
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