T K cp kJ/kg K cv kJ/kg K γ R kJ / kg K a m/s w√T0 / A* p0 273 1.004 0.716 1.402 0.288 332.0 0.0404 373 1.010 0.723 1.397 0.288 387.4 0.0403 473 1.025 0.737 1.390 0.288 435.3 0.0402 573 1.045 0.758 1.379 0.287 476.2 0.0400 673 1.069 0.782 1.367 0.287 513.8 0.0400
Gas Dynamic Properties of Air at Various Temperatures Read More »
An AM wave expression consists of carrier and two sidebands. The carrier component of the modulated wave has the same amplitude as the unmodulated carrier. The AM modulated wave contains extra power in the two sideband components. The amplitude of the sidebands depends on the modulation index ‘ma‘. Therefore the total power in the modulated
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The foundation of all experimental science and technology is measurement. The result obtained from any measurement will contain some uncertainty. Such an uncertainty is termed error. Any calculation made using the measured values will also have an error. It is not possible to make exact measurements in an experiment. In measurements, two different terms, accuracy
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The concept of length in physics is related to the concept of distance in everyday life. Length is defined as the distance between any two points in space. The SI unit of length is metre. The objects of our interest vary widely in sizes. For example, large objects like the galaxy, stars, Sun, Earth, Moon
Measurement of length Read More »
Mathematical or Time Domain Representation of an AM Equ-1 Modulating signal [latex] \mathrm{V}_m(t)=\mathrm{V}_m \cos \omega_m t [/latex] Equ-2 Carrier signal [latex] \mathrm{V}_c(t)=\mathrm{V}_c \cos \omega_c t [/latex] Where, [latex] \mathrm{V}_c [/latex] – Amplitude of the carrier signal (volts), and [latex] \mathrm{V}_m [/latex] – Amplitude of the modulating signal (volts). The amplitude of the carrier signal is
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The modulation process is required in a communication system to achieve the following basic needs Ease of radiation, Adjustment of bandwidth, Reduction in height of antenna, Avoids mixing of signals, Increases the range of communication, Multiplexing, Efficient transmission, and Improved quality of reception. (i) Easy of Radiation As the information signals are translated to higher
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WHY MODULATION? (i) Long distance communication The purpose of a modulation is to convert the message signal into a suitable form that matches to the transmission medium. This is necessary because the message signal is a low frequency signal that cannot be transmitted effectively over the transmission channel directly. These channels are best suited for high
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Generally signals are single valued functions of time that convey the information which may be real (or) complex valued. The main classifications of signals are as follows. (i) Continuous – Time (CT) signals The signals that are defined for every instant of time or over a continuous range of time and is also called as
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Communication is the process of establishing connection or link whereby the information is transferred from one point called as source to the other point called as destination. Two of the main barriers in communication are the language and the distance. Out of them, the distance problem is solved now-a-day by means of long distance communication.
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A general communication system involves the transmission of information between two or more entities using a shared medium or channel. It typically consists of a sender that encodes a message, a transmission medium through which the message travels, a receiver that decodes the message, and a feedback mechanism to ensure accurate communication. The effectiveness of
General Communication System Read More »