December 2021

Flywheels : Mechanical energy may be stored in the form of kinetic or potential energy. A flywheel, in essence, is a mechanical battery simply mass rotating about an axis. Although the use of the flywheel as a kinetic energy storage device is well known, it has not, until recently, been considered practical to build flywheels

Batteries : The most traditional of all energy storage for power system is the electrochemical energy storage (EES). The major classification can be made in three categories. They are primary batteries, secondary batteries, and fuel cells. The common feature of these devices is primarily that stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. Although the

The method known as SCADA has long been used to control transmission systems, providing the operational flexibility and speed required for efficient and reliable performance. The use of SCADA in the distribution system is becoming increasingly important as utilities move into a deregulated, competitive environment. The acronym SCADA is being replaced by the generic term

After World War II, the drive to electrify the remaining rural and sparsely populated areas of the United States was renewed. Providing fully rated circuit breakers for switching loaded circuits was frequently beyond budget limitations. This created a need for new transmission and subtransmission voltage circuit-switching devices. One such device could be described as a

Sources : In circuit analysis, the goal is to start with a connected set of circuit elements such as resistors, capacitors, operational amplifiers, and other devices, and to find the voltages across and currents through each element, additional quantities, such as power dissipated, are often computed. To energize the circuit, sources of electric energy must

Definition of Electric Circuit : An electric circuit is a collection of electrical devices and components connected together for the purpose of processing information or energy in electrical form. An electric circuit may be described mathematically by ordinary differential equations, which may be linear or nonlinear, and which may or may not be time varying. The

GEO is also called as geosynchronous (or synchronous) orbits, which has 24 hour period of revolution but are inclined with respect to equator. Orbits that are below a mean altitude of about 36,000 km have periods of revolution shorter than 24 hours and hence are termed as non Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO). Geostationary Earth Orbit

The communication is established to the satellite through earth station. The earth station can be located on the ship at the sea, or it can be located on the space craft or actually on the earth. The location of the earth station is decided depending upon the ease of control of satellite and the function

We know that the satellite can receive and transmit one of the bands given in Table For each band, the uplink and downlink frequencies are separate. Frequency division multiplexing of the complete uplink and downlink range of frequencies can be done to transmit and receive many channels simultaneously. For example for ‘C’ band, the bandwidth