Petrol vapours from fuel tank escape into atmosphere by evaporation (or breathing). This vapour comes out through filter cap vent or the tank vent tube. When the engine is not running, petrol will evaporative emission control system leak in the carburettor float chamber. It is estimated that the losses from the fuel tank are about
Evaporative Emission Control System Leak for S.I Engine Read More »
Excessive nitrogen oxides (NO2) form when peak combustion temperature exceeds 1950°C. To lower the combustion temperature, many engines have EGR system. It recirculates about 10% of the inert gas back into the intake manifold The cooler exhaust gas absorbs heat from the much hotter combustion process. It reduces peak combustion temperature and lowers the formation
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System – Pedagogy Zone Read More »
Air pollution and its control I.C engines convert heat energy into mechanical energy by burning the fuel in its combustion chamber called cylinder. Mostly, petrol and diesel oil are used as fuels for I.C engines. These fuels contain hydrogen and carbon in various combinations. During combustion, oxygen combines with hydrogen and carbon to form Water
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Detonation in S.I Engines: If the temperature of an air fuel mixture is raised high enough, the mixture will self ignite without the need of a spark plug Knocking or detonation in S.I engines. This phenomenon is called as self ignition or Auto ignition. The temperature above which self ignition occurs called the self ignition
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The coal preparation includes sizing, removal of rock originating from mine roof, removal of ash forming and sulphur bearing minerals, drying to remove excessive surface moisture and blending of different coals to achieve desired physical and chemical properties. The fig. shows the flow diagram of coal preparation plants. The coal cleaning equipment is relied on
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In the law of professional negligence, are such as lawyers, doctors, architects. In the category are persons professing some special skill. Any task which is required to be performed with a special skill would generally be admitted or undertaken to be performed only if the person possesses the requisite skill for performing that task. The
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This branch of law is comparatively of recent origin. It provides relief when a person may get physical injury not by an impact, by stick, bullet or sword but merely by a nervous shock through what he has seen or heard. As far back as 1888, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in Victorian
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Definition of metrology is a “Science of measurement”. The most important parameter in metrology is the length. Metrology is divided into Industrial Metrology and Medical Metrology under consideration of its application and may be divided into metrology of length and Metrology of time under consideration of its quantity. Definition of Metrology is mainly concerned with
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As we have discussed already, the torque of an engine crankshaft varies considerably throughout the working cycle, due to variations in the crank positions, the pressure in the cylinder and the inertia force on the piston and connecting rod. If the value of the crankshaft torque, the turning moment T is plotted against the crank
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Steam is an important medium for producing mechanical energy. A steam power plant continuously converts the energy stored in fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas). Steam has the advantage that it can be raised from water which is available in abundance. The steam power stations are very much suitable where coal is available in
Steam Power Plant Layout and Working Read More »