Res Ipsa Loquitur : As a general rule, it is for the plaintiff to prove that the defendant was negligent. The initial burden of making out at least a prima facie case of negligence as against the defendant lies heavily on the plaintiff, but once this onus is discharged, it will be for the defendant
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Vapour compression refrigeration system uses a liquefiable vapour as the refrigerant. In this system, the refrigerant used alternatively undergoes a change of phase from vapour to liquid and liquid to vapour during the cycle. In this, the isentropic expansion of Carnot cycle is replaced by a throttling process, expansion in a valve or capillary tube.
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Advantages of Stirling engines They can run directly on any available heat source, not just one produced by combustion, so they can run on heat from solar, geothermal, biological, nuclear sources or waste heat from industrial processes. A continuous combustion process can be used to supply heat, so most types of emissions can be reduced.
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In this chapter, we shall discuss the static and dynamic force analysis of planar mechanisms in detail. In our studies of “Kinematics of Machinery“, we limited ourselves to consideration of the geometry of the motions and of the relationships between displacement and time. But the force required to produce those motions were not considered. In
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The subject ‘Theory of Machines’, also known as ‘Mechanics of Machines’, comprises: (i) the study of the relative motion between the parts of a machine, and (ii) the study of the forces which act on those parts. It is understood that most mechanical engineering activities revolve around a mechanical system whose function depends on the
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In an I.C engine, moving parts rub against each other causing frictional force. Due to the frictional force, heat is generated and the engine parts wear easily. Power is also lost due to friction. To reduce the power loss and also wear and tear of the moving parts, a foreign substance called lubricant is introduced
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In S.I engine, the knocking occurs at the end of combustion whereas in C.I engine knocking occurs at the very beginning of combustion. The detonation in the S.I engine is of a homogeneous charge causing very high rate of pressure rise and very high maximum pressure. In the C.I engine, the fuel and air are
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In petrol engines, a carburetor is employed to mix air and fuel supply system in the desired ratio. But in diesel engines, air alone is compressed in the cylinder. The high pressure is about 35 to 40bar and the temperature of this air after compression is about 600°C. At the end of compression stroke, the
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In an action for negligence, the plaintiff has to prove the following essentials of negligence : That the defendant owed duty of care to the plaintiff; The defendant made a breach of that duty; The plaintiff suffered damage as a consequence thereof. Duty of care to the plaintiff It means a legal duty rather than
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Breach of duty means non-observance of due care which is required in a particular situation. What is the standard of care required? The standard is that of a reasonable man or of an ordinarily prudent man. If the defendant has acted like a reasonably prudent man, there is no negligence. As stated by Alderson B.
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