Physics

Massless Particles: An Overview Massless particles, as the name suggests, are particles that do not possess any rest mass. Despite lacking mass, these particles play a crucial role in various branches of physics, from quantum mechanics to astrophysics. Massless particle travel at the speed of light and are characterized by their energy and momentum, which

Schrödinger’s Early Life and Education Erwin Schrödinger, widely regarded as one of the key figures in the development of quantum physics, was born on August 12, 1887, in Vienna, Austria. His early upbringing was marked by a keen interest in mathematics and theoretical physics, laying the foundation for his future groundbreaking contributions to the field.

Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance The phenomenon of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is founded on the intrinsic properties of atomic nuclei, particularly their spin. When placed in a magnetic field, certain nuclei align with the field, producing a slight excess of nuclei in the lower energy state. Following excitation with radiofrequency radiation, these nuclei absorb

The Basics of Raman Spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study molecular vibrations within a sample. The principle of Raman spectroscopy lies in the interaction of light with molecules, where incident photons excite the molecules leading to scattered photons with energy shifts corresponding to the vibrational modes of the molecules. This

The foundation of all experimental science and technology is measurement. The result obtained from any measurement will contain some uncertainty. Such an uncertainty is termed error. Any calculation made using the measured values will also have an error. It is not possible to make exact measurements in an experiment. In measurements, two different terms, accuracy

The concept of length in physics is related to the concept of distance in everyday life. Length is defined as the distance between any two points in space. The SI unit of length is metre. The objects of our interest vary widely in sizes. For example, large objects like the galaxy, stars, Sun, Earth, Moon

The ohm’s law can be derived from the equation J= σE. Consider a segment of wire of length l and cross sectional area A as shown in figure When a potential difference Vis applied across the wire, a net electric field is created in the wire which constitutes the current in the wire. For simplicity, we

When a conductor moves in a magnetic field, the direction of motion of the conductor, the field and the induced current are given by Fleming’s right hand rule and is as follows: The thumb, index finger and middle finger of right hand are stretched out in mutually perpendicular directions. If the index finger points the